Analysis Of The Novel Wuthering Heights - 1004 Words

Kaley Witwer English Mr. Schantz 10/27/14 The novel Wuthering Heights begins with an outsider, Mr. Lockwood, paying a visit to his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff. At first Lockwood, who is seeking solitude â€Å"from the stir of society†(1), believes that Heathcliff is something of a soulmate: â€Å"my heart warmed to him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows†(1), but by the end of Chapter II, Lockwood says, â€Å"I no longer felt inclined to call Heathcliff a capital fellow† (8). The Heathcliff of 1801, the year the novel begins, is the owner of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights, but he chooses to live in the remote dwelling shaped by â€Å"atmospheric tumult†(2) with an odd assortment of housemates: the family heir Hareton Earnshaw, his widowed daughter-in-law Catherine, the â€Å"scandalous old hypocrite† (10) Joseph, and the housekeeper Zillah. How did Heathcliff come to be the person who we meet at the beginning of the novel? In Chapters IV-VII of Wuthering Heights, Nelly Dean tells Mr. Lockwood about Heathcliff’s upbringing in the Earnshaw household. Several of the relationships and environmental influences described in Chapters IV-VII of Wuthering Heights provide significant clues to the character of Heathcliff that Lockwood meets in the opening pages of the novel. In the novel Wuthering Heights, the characteristics of Heathcliff are shown by decisions made in his life , the reasons they occurred and other decisions that were not made by himself.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Novel Wuthering Heights 1636 Words   |  7 PagesJournal - Wuthering Heights Point of View – Wuthering Heights has two main narrators from whose point of view the novel is written. Lockwood is the primary narrator, and much is of what takes place in the present is told through his eyes, via first-person. The narration shifts to Ellen Dean, as she gives, to both Lockwood and the reader, her version of past events. She serves as the peripheral narrator, who is meant to tell the tale of what transpired before Lockwood’s arrival to Wuthering Heights. Ellen’sRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain se veral of Emily Bronte’s writing techniquesRead MoreEssay on The Depth of Emely Brontes Wuthering Heights1345 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’, although she first published her novels under a gentleman’s name. Her famous novel has become a classic in English literature. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through her child imagination, Bronte’ and her siblings would write children stories. â€Å"Emily’s childhood created an imaginary nation, originating from the numerous poems devoted to the doings of the Gondals† (Bradner 129). The ‘Gondal’ poems they wrote inspiredRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria Embry Outside Reading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century;Read MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism1663 Words   |  7 Pages Novels are often taken by the reader at face value, and are never looked into on a deeper level. It is important to search for more than what is seen in a literary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a familyRead More The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel,807 Words   |  4 PagesThe presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel, Wuthering Heights, begins in the year 1801. The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† ======================================================= The novel, â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, begins in the year 1801, where we as readers are firstly introduced to the character Mr. Lockwood. Mr. Lockwood narrates the entire novel throughout, almost like an entry in his diary. Lockwood, a young London gentleman, is a newcomerRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «1111 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Catherine and Heathcliff grow up together at Wuthering Heights, Catherine family home on the northern English moors. Heathcliff arrives as a gypsy founding. Catherine father Mr. Earnshaw raises him as a son. Catherine is a strong and wild beauty who shares Heathcliff wild nature Alone together on the moors Catherine and Heathcliff feel as if they are soul mates. But to Heathcliff despair outside forces begin to pull them a part. After falling in love with Catherine .She reject himRead MoreTragic Family Relationships in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte 1018 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In 1800 Century, Catherine and Heathcliff grow up together at Wuthering Heights, Catherine family home on the northern English moors. Heathcliff arrives as a gypsy founding. Catherine father Mr. Earnshaw raises him as a son. Catherine is a strong and wild beauty who shares Heathcliff wild nature Alone together on the moors Catherine and Heathcliff feel as if they are soul mates. But to Heathcliff despair outside forces begin to pull them a part. After falling in love with CatherineRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte859 Words   |  4 Pages Mer 1 Se Mer N. Finley E2H2 W4- Wuthering Heights Lit. Analysis 8 October 2014 The Deads and the Livings Wuthering Heights is a English novel by Emily Bronte. The main character in this novel are Heathcliff, Lockwood, Catherine, Edgar, Nelly, Joseph, Hareton, Linton, Hinley, Isabella, and young Cathy. The main character Heathcliff is influenced with the element of gothicism and romanticism. Gothicism shape Heathcliff appearance and actions. Romanticism portrays through Heathcliff passion

Racial Discrimination Essay - 2245 Words

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes, consequences and remedies of racial discrimination in the labor market. Understanding racial discrimination in the labor market is of critical importance because of the sever wage differentials between different races in the market. Most of the economic research on racial discrimination focuses on black and white males. Hence this paper will also be focusing on wage and employment differentials between black and white males. I will start by discussing the research that has been done on the causes of labor discrimination, then, I will explain the consequences and finally the possible remedies. Causes of Labor Market Discrimination One of the most widely accepted reasons for†¦show more content†¦This cost or discrimination implies that he will require a higher premium to work with blacks. A possible solution to this problem would be for an employer to hire a racially segregated workforce (in which case he would be able to pay them the same wage). The chances of this happening are rather slim. Much more common is white needing a higher premium to work with blacks and blacks suffering a wage cut to compensate for the higher premium.(Becker 1971). A discriminatory customer will behave in a similar way. He/she will act as though there are â€Å"non pecuniary† costs from purchasing goods and services from a black person. Hence at the same market price and equal productivity with whites, blacks will sell less and appear less productive. Consequently, they will receive a lower wage, which widens the wage differential gap (Becker 1981). Becker’s model c oncludes that racially prejudiced employers, employees and customers, all result in racial discrimination in the labor market. There is significant empirical evidence in support of this claim. An empirical study was conducted by Charles and Guryman (2007) using a regression model which found that black wages vary negatively with: the prejudice of the marginal white in the state, the prejudice with the lower tail of the prejudice distribution and the fraction of the stateShow MoreRelatedOvert Racial Discrimination and Institutional Racial Discrimination635 Words   |  3 PagesPrior to the 1960s, discrimination was viewed as a creature of prejudice (Feagin Feagin, 1988). What this means is that the problem of discrimination was viewed as one motivated primarily by individuals (or groups of individuals) on the basis of prejudice or hatred. Implicit in this prejudice-causes-discrimination-model (Feagin Feagin, p. XX) was the assumption that the solution to discrimination was one of simply eliminating prejudice. Thus, the elimination of prejudicial behavior wouldRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is one of many terms used to express the suppression of a race or many races, but more specifically, it refers to the ill-treatment a person or group receives as a result of differences in their race, color, descent, national, ethnic origin or immigrant status. (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Racial discrimination can be perpetrated by individuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seenRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreferencing the topic of racism and racial discrimination in today’s society, one of the biggest questions that still remain unanswered is as such: Why does racial discrimination still exist? What factors take place within the human mind that might cause feelings of hatred and bigotry? What can result from an individual using racially discriminating language? From times predating even the most notable case of as much, pre-Civil War United States American slavery, discrimination has existed in many differentRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Racial Profiling1524 Words   |  7 Pages In our society today, racial discrimination and inequality continues to be an issue. Regardless of the advancements we make in our society in terms of race, discrimination is something that can not simply be erased. The conflict with discrimination is evident when we look at the issue of racial profiling. Racial profiling refers to the treatment of an individual based on their race or ethnicity (Statistics of Racial Profiling 1). It is often a tool being used by law enforcement when deciding toRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination859 Words   |  4 Pageshundred percent accurate. A racial comment would be that African Americans are dangerous coming from the fact that there are more African American in prison that any other demographic. In today’s America, racism is practiced in every sort of way from subtle, aversive, to even â€Å"reverse† racism and, many more. the most common way to racially discriminate against a group is through visual processing, ho wever, what causes this to be the most common mean of discrimination, could it be that this is howRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Gender Discrimination962 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly being seen, especially on social media. It s a single word which people are using instead of the longer phrases disability discrimination or disability prejudice. Racial discrimination and gender discrimination have their own single words - racism and sexism - and so those ideas can be expressed a little more easily. Disability discrimination is often complicated and misunderstood. At one end of the scale, buildings with steps instead of ramps may be said to be ableist. Less obviousRead MoreRacial Oppression And Racial Discrimination997 Words   |  4 PagesHuman begins since the beginning of time have understood the concept of racial solidarity but yet decides to ignore it. Racial oppression is a direct consequence of a superior race. Racial oppression is the act of power that causes the sta te of being to feel heavily exploited. There are two types of racial oppression that are not commonly well known of, institutionalized and internalized. Institutionalized oppression is expressed when a group of people based on their race has a different chance ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Discrimination And Racial Discrimination1532 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination made its way to planet earth way before it could be documented. Racial discrimination happens all over the world both consciously and unconsciously, destroying lives every day. Racial discrimination can best be described as, when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. There are many forms of racial discrimination even if we don’t want to face it. Among the mostRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On American Culture970 Words   |  4 PagesIf there is one thing I have noticed dur ing my, admittedly, short sixteen years, it is the racial discrimination and obvious bigotry of the those who are not white. Stereotypes and detrimental comments are slung every which way. Others, rely on subtle jabs while some are oblivious to the offense of the people they are around. It seems to me, that people do not seem to care. I have listened to countless conversations where people would nonchalantly insult their own culture and heritage as if theyRead MoreRacial Discrimination778 Words   |  4 PagesRacial zoning is a serious problem many minority groups end up facing. The process of splitting land based on someone’s race is improper. Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Tillman, and Woodrow Wilson are examples of public sectors who not only firmly believe in the segregation of African-Americans and whites but also black inferiorly. Considering these men are of noble standings, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there are racial tensions from those of high power towards those with a lack

Economic Impact of Brexit

Question: Discuss about the Economic Impact of Brexit. Answer: Introduction This study has been aimed to the concept of economics assignment. In this respect, this study has been tried to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland. In addition, this study has been focused on the financial market of Ireland. In order to discuss the effect of financial market of Ireland, this study tried to show the effect of gross domestic product, the credit rating, foreign exchange rate, effect on stock market as well (Barrett et al. 2015). On the other hand, this study is also helpful to identify whether the changing in the governmental policies of Ireland would oppose the impact of Brexit or not. The effect of the value of trade, employment rate and the inflation rate of Ireland has also been mentioned in order to measure the effect of Brexit. Instead of this, this study is also beneficial to identify the microeconomic effect of Brexit on Ireland (Begg and Mushovel 2016). Macroeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland Impact on the financial market According to Busch, B. and Matthes (2016), exit of British from European Union has been making a negative effect to the GDP growth rate of Ireland. The GDP growth rate of Ireland has been decreased by 0.3% whereas the overall GDP rate of EU has been falling by the rate of 1%. As a result, it can be stated that this depreciation would lead to the export of Ireland, tariff rate, quotas and the consumer requirements (Stosic-Mihajlovcc and Zdravkovic 2016). On the contrary, it can be argued that the exporters of Ireland would include the movements of the exchange rate in order to meet the profitability margin as well as acquire the output the level of the country as mentioned by Dagnis Jensen and Snaith (2016). On the other hand, Brexit has pushed the foreign exchange rate to suffer from deficit. The interest rate of Ireland has also been d ecreased. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be concluded that the movement of Irish foreign exchange rate would reflect to decrease the investment after Brexit. The credit rating of Ireland has been decreasing after Brexit de Mars (2016). Changing in the government policies to counter the effect of Brexit In the words of Kostovicova (2016), the relationship between United Kingdom and Ireland, is seemed to be strained after Brexit. In this connection, the borrowing of foreign exchange reserves has been raised. In addition, the currency liquidity has been increased. As a result, this liquidity risk has been reflecting the higher inflation risk as well as the exchange rate pressure. On the other hand, higher rate of debt and the uncertain implementation in the bond markets cannot finance the debt sales excluding the constrain capacity after Brexit. Matthews (2015) mentioned that the property prices of Ireland has been suffering and has been decreasing by 3.03% after Brexit. Moreover, the tax rate of Ireland is also very higher after Brexit. Impact on the value of trade of Ireland with Britain As per the statement of McGrath (2016), exit of Britain from European Union, the trade flow of Ireland has been reduced from the previous. On the other hand, after Brexit, Ireland would seek to free trade as well as no tariff trade transaction with European Union. However, it can be criticised that this new free trade may lead to fail. In this respect, the reason can be discussed as European Union is willing to avoid to appreciate Britain n order to defend. Therefore, Purdue, Huang and Economics (2015) added that after Brexit, the farmers of Ireland have been suffering the problem and they had to pay up to 40% rate of tariffs. This rate of tariff in turn affects the export of goods with the rest of the countries (Busch and Matthes 2016). Moreover, based on the new trade agreement, the Irish farmers would not like to import milk after Brexit from Britain due to the higher rate of import. This in turn reduces the overall money supply of United Kingdom in order to support the Irish agri culture (Simionescu 2016). Unemployment rate According to Stosic-Mihajlovcc and Zdravkovic (2016), at the post Brexit period, Ireland has been suffering from the situation of recession. As a result, the unemployment rate would be increased in Ireland. In this context, it can be stated that the pushing of social welfare rate would e also higher. The rate of unemployment after Brexit is 7.8 per cent. As a result, it can be concluded that the job market or the employment opportunity in the Ireland market had been massively decreased. Hence, Barrett et al. (2015) puts that the higher unemployment rate leads to the lower standard of living, income per person of Ireland. Moreover, the spending power of the people would be decreased. Higher unemployment rate reflect to the downward pressure of the wage of the employees. The higher unemployment rate leads to reduce the growth rate of an economy. As a result, overall spending of the country would also decrease (Begg and Mushovel 2016). Inflation rate In order to discuss the inflation rate of Ireland after Brexit, it can be discussed with the help of the following table: 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Rate of inflation 2.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 -0.3 Table 1: Rate of inflation of Ireland for last five years The above table depicted the last five years inflation rate of Ireland. As identified by Begg and Mushovel (2016) it can be clearly observed that with the rise in time, the inflation rate has been decreasing. More precisely, it can be stated that the country has been suffering from the deflationary situation (Busch and Matthes 2016). After Brexit, the price level of the products will be lower, and the inflation rate will be negative. Therefore, the unemployment rate has been effectively increased. It can be also stated that the lower rate of inflation or the deflationary situation reflect the growth rate of the country. In this purpose, Dagnis Jensen and Snaith (2016) mentioned that the deflationary situation help to enhance the countrys capital to expand as well as construct new technologies. Microeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland After Brexit, it can be seen that the GDP growth rate of Ireland has been decreased. As a result, it can be seen that the economy has been suffering from the deflationary situation as mentioned by Kostovicova (2016). Therefore, the unemployment rate has been increased and the price of the products has also been decreased. Due to the higher rate of unemployment, it can be predicted that the consumers spending for the goods as well as for services has been reduced. As a result, lower consumption spending reflects to the lower rate of aggregate demand. Matthews (2015) opined that marginal propensity to consume has been reduced. As per the opinion of Purdue, Huang and Economics (2015), Ireland has been suffering from the deflationary situation after Brexit. Therefore, the demand for the goods and services has been decreased. People are not willing or demand less to purchase the goods and services. As a result, the supply would also be decreased (Dagnis Jensen and Snaith 2016). Therefore, it can be concluded that the prices of the products would be decreased. Firms production would be massively decreased. Henceforth, Simionescu (2016) cited that based on the demand and supply of goods, nations currency can be determined as nations currency has been played an important role in order to estimate the countrys growth. Conclusion The overall study has been tried to demonstrate the effect of Brexit on the macroeconomic factors as well as on the microeconomic factors of Ireland. In this connection, this study has tried to estimate the impact of Brexit on the financial markets of Ireland. Moreover, in this connection, this study has tried to measure the GDP growth rate of Ireland, which has been falling after Brexit and the rate was 0.3 per cent. On the other hand, after the analysis, it can be observed the foreign exchange rate of Ireland has also been decreased. Moreover, the trade situation of Ireland has also been hampered. The unemployment rate has been decreased and the country has been suffering from the deflationary situation. This refers that the demand and the supply has been reduced. Furthermore, consumer spending has been massively falling after Brexit. This in turn reduces the firms production. Recommendation After analysing the study, it can be concluded that with the rise in the aggregate demand, the deflationary situation of the country can be mitigated. Aggregate demand can be improved by improving the government spending of the country. As a result, the money supply of the country will be increased. The unemployment rate of the country will be improved. The standard of living and the consumption level will be also improved. The demand and the supply will be improved. Moreover, the firms production level will be significantly improved. Ireland will be at better position. As a result, the GDP growth rate of the country will be effectively improved. References Barrett, A., Bergin, A., FitzGerald, J., Lambert, D., McCoy, D., Morgenroth, E., Siedschlag, I. and Studnicka, Z., 2015. Scoping the possible economic implications of Brexit on Ireland.ESRI Research Series,48. Begg, I. and Mushovel, F., 2016. The economic impact of brexit: jobs, growth and the public finances. Busch, B. and Matthes, J., 2016. BrexitThe Economic Impact.A Meta-Analysis, IW-Report, (10). Dagnis Jensen, M. and Snaith, H., 2016. When politics prevails: the political economy of a Brexit.Journal of European Public Policy, pp.1-9. de Mars, S., Murray, C.R.G., O'Donoghue, A. and Warwick, B.T., 2016. Policy Paper: Brexit, Northern Ireland and Ireland.Northern Ireland and Ireland (June 1, 2016). Kostovicova, D., 2016. What previous political divorces in Europe tell us about the emotional impact of Brexit.LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. Matthews, A., 2015. Implications of British exit from the EU for the Irish agri-food sector.Trinity Economic Papers, (215). McGrath, P., 2016. Brexit and Likely Implications for Ireland.Available at SSRN. Purdue, D., Huang, H. and Economics, N.T.M.A., 2015. Brexit and its Impact on the Irish Economy.National Treasury Management Agency, Dublin. Simionescu, M., 2016.The Impact of BREXIT on the Foreign Direct Investment in the United Kingdom(No. bep-2016-07). St Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration/Center for Economic Theories and Policies. Stosic-Mihajlovcc, L. and Zdravkovic, I., 2016. Brexit impact on Serbian economic development.Journal of Process Management. New Technologies,4(3), pp.24-29.

Mcdonaldization Essays (1812 words) - Criticism Of Fast Food

Mcdonaldization The McDonaldization of Society Outline Chapter 1 McDonaldization is when a certain area starts to acquire efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. a. McDonalds as America-This is meant that McDonalds is a part of America and everything that other countries want in there country. It is a symbol of a growing culture. b. The long arm of McDonaldization- this long arm is McDonalds reaching out to every country. They are trying to put a McDonalds there, they want to dominate in every country. c. The dimension of McDonaldization- The four dimensions of McDonalds are: Efficiency- McDonalds is efficient in every way, best location, you can get your food quick, easy from going to being hungry to being full. Calculability- they sell everything in just the right proportions, for a good price. Bigger is better Control- they control everything, from lines being short, limited menu, few options and uncomfortable seats so the people eat quicker and leave quicker. d. Advantages of McDonaldization- there are lots of advantages: - Wide rage of goods and services - Availability of goods and services - People are able to get what they want or get it almost right away conveniently - Goods and Services are far more uniform quality e. Critique of McDonaldization- this is meant by, that McDonalds has a lot of pluses, but it must certainly have a lot of downfalls. What is not McDonaldized? Things that arent Mcdonalized are small mom and pop stores and bed and breakfast inns. Most of the places that are personally runned not by big corporations. Chapter 2 McDonalds had a few precursors before it became such a big company. They just didnt pop up out of the thin air. Bureaucratization was a part of the growth people had to listen to each other. People had to carry out responsibilities. The Holocaust is compared as a McDonalized society. They had all the characteristics such as control, calculability, and efficiency. The assembly line was also very important, workers were not to do any steps that they were not to do, some of the parts had to move the least possible distance, machines were to move things not humans, and complicated movements are eliminated. Levittown was also a result of the assembly line. The Levit brothers put up house really quick using that method. The malls also were invented, they were good for many reasons. They had lots of stores under one roof, making it easier for people to shop instead of traveling to different places everything was under one room even a food court to eat. Chapter 3 1. Efficiency increases the pace of life. When you have efficiency it saves time and money. It keeps perfect timing production, faster services, streamlined operations and a tight schedule. Efficiency is choosing the optimum means to and end. The restaurant business really didnt need efficiency, but it helped efficiency be turned into a way of life. 2. Home cooking- Efficiency was created with home cooking by creating supermarkets with food and all you have to do is go buy the food. You dont have to go threw the hassles of hunting your food. TV dinners added to the efficiency. Cookbooks also added to the efficiency. Shopping- shopping was made more efficient when we created malls. Having all sorts of stores under one roof. Without having to travel from place to place and waste time. At a mall you have a food court movies and all kinds of stores to satisfy your needs as well as others needs. Higher Education- this has become more efficient in some ways. A while ago teachers used to grade papers by hand, know all they have to do is give a multiple choice exam and the machine will grade it for them saving lots of time. Health Care- they have the new heart surgery assembly line, which makes it faster and more efficient to do. They also have walk in and walk out clinics to take care of your problem in one appointment. Whatever your problem is they give you the maximum cure to cure you in one visit. Entertainment- this turned efficient when we started having video rentals instead of going the movies. We also have television with the option of watching two shows at once. Pay per view is also another option, instead of going out to rent a move just

Social And Political Reactions To Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Socia

Social and Political Reactions to Mormon Polygamy April 29, 1996 Social and Political Reactions to Polygamy ?We are a peculiar people,? Elder Bruce R. McConkie once said (McConkie 25). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of a few ?odd? Christian religions. Many of its practices have created much persecution and political reaction, polygamy being one of these. It created much social and political persecution of the Mormons. Most of this persecution had come from anti-polygamist Christians. This is ironic because the anti-polygamists believed in the Bible, but not polygamy, one of its teachings. Many of God's righteous followers in the Old Testament practiced polygamy. Abraham married Hagar, Sarai's handmaiden (Genesis 16:1-3). Jacob was married to Leah, Rachel, Billah, and Zilpha all at the same time. In the Doctrine and Covenants, a book of modern revelation used as scripture by the LDS church, it states that ?in nothing did they [the Old Testament prophets] s in save in those things they received not of me [God]?(132:38). Quickly one sees that God gave those women to the prophets of old because they were righteous. So what exactly is the justification and reason for polygamy? Mormons believed that when a couple or family is sealed in the temple of the Lord by one holding God's priesthood keys of sealing, that the bond is not ?until death do us part,? but rather for all eternity. If this is true, then when a man is widowed and he marries a second wife, he then has two wives. The Mormons believe that if a man can have multiple wives in heaven, then the same should be true on Earth. ?According to the Lord's law of marriage, it is lawful that a man have only one wife at a time unless by revelation the Lord commands plurality of wives in the new and everlasting covenant? (McConkie5770). If a woman who is sealed in the temple is widowed, she not allowed to be resealed: only a man is allowed a plurality of spouses. Before the founding and organ izing of the LDS church and introduction of polygamy, Joseph Smith received bitter persecution. He was tarred and feathered by a mob, but this was nothing compared to the treatment the saints received when their practice of polygamy became well known (Arrington JS 26-7). In order to escape the torture, Joseph Smith led one hundred and fifty or more saints from New York to Kirtland, Ohio in 1831 (Arrington JS 21). After living in harmony with the native Gentiles for several years, the town of Kirtland became a prosperous city. In 1843, the local Gentiles found out that Joseph Smith and many other church members were practicing polygamy. When questioned, they confessed to the act, but from then on they hid it from the Gentiles (Newell 66-7). The news spread quickly, and the persecution returned at an even greater intensity. Social persecution quickly turned into political persecution. On October 30, 1838, Governor Lilburn Boggs issued the Extermination Order in which he wrote ?that th e Mormons must be treated as enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state, if necessary, for the public good.? (Benton 787) A few days later at Haun's Mill, 17 Mormons were killed and many others, including women and children, were severely wounded (Benton787). In October 1838, the Missouri state militia was marching toward the Saints in Kirtland, Ohio: Anxious to avoid bloodshed, Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Parley P. Pratt, Lyman White and George Robinson went to negotiate with state officials under the flag of truce. Instead of treating the group with respect, however, militia officials seized the group. An order was issued to have Joseph and the others shot, but Colonel Alexander Doniphan, a secondary Missouri officer, courageously refused to carry out the order. Instead of court-martial and execution, the prisoners were taken on November 2 to Jackson County for Prison and trial.?(Arrington JS32) After spending six months in prison, the group escaped with the help o f the jailer (Arrington JS 32). Joseph then purchased a large amount of land in Jackson county, Missouri to which the Mormons could flee for safety. There Smith founded the city of Nauvoo, to which approximately 2,500

Go to College Without a High School Diploma

Go to College Without a High School Diploma Don’t give up on your dream of enrolling in a college or university just because you didn’t get your high school diploma. Although most colleges require a high school diploma to enroll in any program that grants bachelors degrees, several options are available for students who lack the paper to prove that they graduated high school. 1. Community College Most community colleges assume that a certain percentage of their student body is applying without a high school diploma, and they plan accordingly. They often have programs specifically designed to help people without diplomas who show the potential to succeed. Since more and more community colleges are creating online programs, many new options have also opened up for distance learners. Check with your local schools to see what programs they offer, or search online to find a program that matches your needs. 2. GED Programs Some colleges allow students to enroll with a GED. Designed to be a high school equivalency test, the GED proves that passing students have an education comparable to the current graduating class of seniors. You can find free GED preparation courses online. 3. Nontraditional Student Status Students who have been out of high school for a long time may qualify for nontraditional student status, which generally means that the student is older than the average enrollee. Almost all online and traditional colleges have an organization dedicated to helping such students find success. You may be able to bypass traditional requirements, such as the high school diploma, by proving relevant life experience and demonstrated maturity. 4. Concurrent Enrollment If you still want to get your high school diploma, you may be able to take online college classes at the same time you’re working on your high school credits. Many colleges have special programs that negotiate concurrent enrollment, which allows a student to attend two schools at the same time. The good news? Many high schools allow students to earn double high school credit by completing college courses, which means you may be able to kill two birds with one stone- double the credits, double the diplomas! The Bottom Line Students have many motivations for attending college; one of the primary reasons is financial. As of May 2017, holders of bachelors degrees earn 31 percent more than workers with an associate degree and 74 percent more than holders of just a high school diploma. When it comes to lifetime earnings, the difference is about $2.3 million over a lifetime between bachelors degree holders and high school diplomates, and thats a good reason indeed to stay in school.

Jim brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jim brown - Essay Example Simons Island. Jim was excellent by all means as a school boy; he was unparalleled in football, baseball and track and field events. Perhaps it was the legacy of his father’s might as a profession al boxer. Apart from references of his excellence as an actor, this article covers specific features and traits of James as America’s all-time greatest professional athlete and the best known professional footballer ever. As a school boy, Jim’s focus was mainly on basketball and running with special enthusiasm for lacrosse. He had an outsmarting style of leading the rush that brought him the best name as a professional sportsman in the later stages of his career. He was always singled out as the best performer of each event he participated, and especially in basket ball and lacrosse, he was a dread in the minds of opponent teams for the fact that he could win the matches single handedly. Jim’s athletic skills were excellent as he always produced invincible energy to turn the matches to his side’s benefit without so many struggles as others usually had. Stamina and enthusiasm were the key factors he had learned to possess at a very young age. Jim’s records are evidences of his unchallenged dominance over the game zones during his years as a student at both the school and the university. James’ efforts were fruitful as he was committed to his games and practiced them with absolute dedication. A normal lad from a comparatively remote location of the racism-prone American generation would not grow this height if it was not for his determination and patience during hard work. James was a finding of his university indeed. His successful sessions in football had entered him the notice of Cleveland Browns and he was taken to the team to play professional football in 1956. He marked envious success at the feats and exited NFL as the record holder

Leadership and Management for Service Improvement Essay

Leadership and Management for Service Improvement - Essay Example This stage of our group formation had been lagging for a while before I emerged as a facilitative leader. When this stage passed, our relationships became more harmonious with agreed upon values and rules of operation. Each member began to take responsibility, as they understood their other team members, with the group leader taking a back seat to proceedings. As the group leader, I think I took up a democratic style of leadership. These types of leaders make decisions at the final stage but include the other team members in the process of decision-making (Gillam, 2011: p65). While I took care of coordinating the team and their work delivery, I allowed them to carry out their research without giving instructions. However, whatever went into the report was finally decided upon by me, with any additional material needed communicated to the team member responsible. The benefits of this sort of leadership are numerous. The team members got job satisfaction since they all participated in drafting the final assignment. This style also helped to develop their research skills. The members of the team felt that they controlled the destiny of their assignment marks thus felt more motivated to do their best (Hartley & John, 2010: p26). However, since participation by all members takes time, the decision-making process was slow. Coulin’s absence caused the assignment’s timeline to stretch. ... Overall, this leadership style made me feel in charge although giving everyone a chance to give their opinion brought on some conflict. During the initial stages of the holiday, my inability to access the University’s homepage on my computer proved to be a hindrance. It actually raised a storm with some of the members when I told them that I had not handed in the assignment because of this problem. In the future, it would be better if this sort of assignments were held face to face rather than online since team members are generally least interested in the assignment over the internet. It is possible that some had multiple pages on their computer screens and were multi-task during teamwork (Muller et al, 2006: p9). The team’s five-team members could be fitted into at least five Belbin’s team roles (Gold et al, 2010: p15). Ken could be considered a resource investigator, as he was enthusiastic, extroverted, and communicative. He explored the different sources of i nformation that we had and, through his contacts in the library, was able to get more information sources. Stacy was the implementer, as she was efficient, conservative, reliable, and disciplined. Danny was the shaper, given her dynamic and challenging nature. She never lacks the courage and drive to overcome obstacles. I acted as the leader and doubled up as the coordinator. My confidence and maturity cut me out of this, in addition with my clear goals, promotion of decision-making and proper job delegation. Finally, Coulin was supposed to be the plant, especially given her unorthodox, imaginative, and creative mind. However, she was rarely available and brought about a lot of frustration for the other team members. On the days when she showed up for meetings, though, she was very

Films of moral struggle research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Films of moral struggle - Research Paper Example In addition, the paper is going to determine whether clones should be accepted into the society since they have human feelings and memories. Also, the paper is going to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cloning. The main question that the paper is going to address is should clones or can clones should replace human beings? Moon is a 2009 British film directed by Duncan Jones and produced by Stuart Fennegan and Trudie Styler. The science fiction film is portrayed in the future that is 2035. The star of the film is Sam Rockwell as Sam Bell who is an astronaut mining helium-3 in solitary for three years. ‘Moon’ superseded its budget of 5million dollars to gross at 9.7 million dollars in total. Towards the end of his three year contract, Sam who works with a robot called GERTY discovers that he has a doppelganger. This is after he crashes and overhears his robot companion talking to the rescue team. After tending to his unconscious doppelganger, the two Sam find out from GERTY that they are both clones of an original Sam. After this shocking news the two clones decide to undertake their own investigations and search into the cloning business. They are shocked to discover a vault full of hundreds of clones which seem to be half asleep. They discover that the company the original Sam works for clone’s astronaut to escape paying new astronauts. They decide to expose lunar company to the world and the younger or newer Sam goes to earth and tells the story which brings a lot of conflicts to the company as witnessed in the shift in stock value. In the end the film depicts that human beings do not agree with lunar’s work ethics and it seems the clones are more humane than humans themselves (Moon). Cloning can be defined as the creation of similar genetic copies using the original organisms DNA thereby making their DNA 100% similar (Hutson, 2015). Cloning uses the same process of creation like bacteria or plants do that is asexual

UK Telecommunications Management of Interest Rates

UK Telecommunications Management of Interest Rates INTRODUCTION In business world today many companies are faced with the increase in volatility of financial markets which has lead to increase in financial price risk. Many companies are faced with exposure to financial risk which are caused by unanticipated exchange rate and interest rate movements. These unanticipated movement in exchange rate which is caused by international competition can results into large gain or loss if the risk is not managed properly. Exchange rate movement generate business risks which can vary the current foreign assets and liabilities and interest rate movement can have indirect impact on companys value on its future cash flows. Domestic and multinational companies who are faced with these kind of risks must assure that they control these risks otherwise if they are unmanaged then this can result into total failure of business. Financial Institutions have introduced different products to help companies in risk management. These products are Forward contracts on exchange rate, Futures contracts, Interest rate swaps and Options. Forward contract being the oldest product to be introduced to manage both foreign exchange and interest rate risks. 1.1 Problem statement Changes in business environment and increase in movement of interest rate and exchange rate has resulted into rise in financial risk exposure. These movements can affect not only companys profit but also companys survival in indirect way. Financial risks management has turn to be a significant area of pertain for UK corporations. Therefore this proposal attempt to find out how UK Telecommunications industry handle financial risks in an increasing business risk environment. Research aim and objectives Aim The main aim of the study is to determine how firms in UK Telecommunications industry manage interest rate and foreign exchange financial risks by looking into use of derivatives. 1.3 Research Objectives The primary objectives of the research will be; To determine how companies manage risk To determine whether derivatives are used or not To determine which derivatives are used and for what purpose Disclosure of financial instruments 1.4 Research Questions The following research questions will guide this research How companies manage risk? Are derivatives used or not used? Which derivatives are used and for what purpose? What are the disclosure of financial instruments? 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are deduced from some underlying assets or rate/price. Derivatives are now of paramount importance to the business world, with imaginary value of more than $200 trillion of these derivatives are being traded on coordinated and over the counter markets in 2004 (Bank for International Settlements, 2004). The financial products which are provided by FinanciaI Institution are options, futures contract, forward contract and interest rate swap. The common Interest rate derivative is Interest rate swaps and others are future contracts and interest rate options while for foreign exchange derivatives are forwards contracts, currency swaps, foreign exchange futures and options. Forward contract gives the owner the obligation to buy an asset at set price and maturity date as agreed in the contract. Future as like forward but in futures are public traded while forwards are private contracts. Unlike future and forward, options give the owner the right but not obligation to buy or sell an asset at a fixed price on or before specified date (Prevost et al, 2000). Derivatives are used to cut down cash flows and earnings volatility caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, interest rates and other risk factors (Barton J, 2000). Use of financial derivatives is widespread, especially among large publicly traded companies and is still increasing sharply. For example, in a study done by Guay and Kothari, (2003) based on annual reports information of 413 largest firms in the U.S revealed that 57% were using derivatives. In another study of 314 Fortune 500 firms showed that 72% were using derivatives (Barton J, 2001). Mallin et al. (2001) did survey analysis on the use of derivatives in risk management, he mailed questionnaire to 800 UK non financial firms listed on London stock exchange. Results showed that of 231 respondents 32% were applying at least one derivative instrument. Another researchers Bodnar et al (2003) studied derivative usage in managing risk to 167 non-financial Netherlands firms and revealed 84 usable responses which is 50.3%. In India a study was conducted to examine derivatives usage in managing foreign exchange risk to 640 companies which were faced with foreign exchange exposure and results showed that 70.4% of respondents used foreign exchange derivatives to manage risk (Anand and Kaushik 2007). Whilst many firms use derivatives in managing risk, misuse of it may result into major losses. This was proved by Karpinsky (1998) who revealed companies like Sumitomo Corporation lost $3,500 million in 1996 because of copper future. On the other hand El-Masry (2003) collected data from questionnaire mailed to 401 non financial companies listed on London stock exchange, 50% of respondents did not use derivatives because the risk exposure was not substational. Likewise suryey done by Bodnar et al (1995) revealed lower use of derivatives and the reason being low insignificant exposure. Regarding to mostly used derivatives to manage risk exposure, survey done by Marshall (1997) pointed that options, swaps and forwards were normally used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks. In El-Masry (2003) survey of UK non financial firms, results indicated that firms use options at 29.4%, forward/future at 23.7% and swaps 23.1%. 3.0. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research design This study will be conducted as a quantitative survey Sources of data The main source of data will be the annual reports of 10 companies in the UK telecommunications industry for the past three years. Documentary source Bell (1999) state documentary source involves the reading of relevant information from library source such as text books, journals, newspapers and internet. Secondary source will enable a researcher to conduct broad investigation and help confirm the reliability of the findings given that the findings may be subjective and this source will be used as well to cut down reliance on the annual reports as the main source of data used in the study. Sampling selection Selection of sample will be based on the public data information of the companies and the eligibility criteria will base on following factors; The company must be in the telecommunication services industry The company must be either a Domestic or a Multinational one which is exposed to financial risks as an outcome of international competition The company should be among of the listed London Stock Exchange companies Data analysis Data collected will be analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented using frequency table. 4. CONCLUSION Measuring and managing financial risk exposure are crucial functions in cutting down companies vulnerabilities from major exchange and interest rate movements. Financial derivatives are very important in risk management of corporations 5. REFERENCE Anand m., Kaushik k. p., (2007).Management Motivations for Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives in India, IIML Working Paper Series. Bank for International Settlements. (2004). Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity in 2004. http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx05.htm. Barton, J. (2001). Does the Use of Financial Derivatives Affect Earnings Management Decisions? The Accounting Review, 76, 1-26. Bell, Judith. (1999). Doing your Research Project: A guide for first time researcher in Education: 3rd Edition Buckingham, Open University press.UK Bodnar g. m., de jong a., macrae v., (2003). The impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage: a Comparative Study of US and Dutch Firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, European Financial Management vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 271-297. El-masry a.,(2003) A survey of derivatives use by UK non financial companies, Social science research network Manchester Business School pg.455. Grant, K. and Marshall, A. P. (1997), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Large UK companies and derivativesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, European Financial Management, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 191-208. Guay W Kothari, S. P. (2003). How Much Do Firms Hedge with Derivatives? Journal of Financial Economics, 70, 423-461. Hentschel, L., Kothari, S. P. (2001). Are Corporations Reducing or Taking Risks with Derivatives. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 36, 93-118. Mallin c.; Ow-yong k. and Reynolds m.,(2001) Derivatives usage in UK non-financial listed companies, The European Journal of Finance Vol. 7 (2001), pp. 63-91. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students. 4th Edition. Pearson Education Limited UK. Prevost, A. K., Rose, L. C., Miller, G. (2000). Derivatives Usage and Financial Risk Management in Large and Small Economies: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 27, 733-759.

freedol Noras Freedom in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay example -- A Do

Nora's Freedom in The Doll House      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nora is initially introduced as a macaroon-loving, naà ¯ve individual constantly trying to please her husband.   However, when the audience discovers that she borrowed the funds that allowed her and her husband to travel to Italy for a year in order to save Torvald from certain harm, Nora demonstrates that she is actually a much stronger character than originally portrayed.   However, the real problem lies with the way in which she burrowed the money.   In order to get the cash, Nora forged her father's signature.   As a result, she is in debt to the man who leant her the money, Nils Krogstad.    Within the context of modern times, Nora's crime appears almost daring and creative, rather than completely criminal (Egan 67).   In comparison, Torvald's reactions to Nora's crimes seem almost cruel and unimaginative.   When he scolds Nora's father for a similar failure to secure proper signatures and condemns Nils for doing the same, he appears to be an unsympathetic individual.   He scolds people and judges them for their actions without considering why the may have done what they did.    Furthermore, the household in which Nora and Torvald live in is completely patriarchal, again demonstrating Torvald's limited imagination.   He gives Nora very little power and very little credit, when she appears to be much more imaginative than him.   Within the house's walls, all items exist for one purpose: to entertain Torvald.   Also, Torvald appears to lack the understanding that other people may be interested in other things, and that there are people on this planet who should be considered within the same class as him.      The play was initially seen as an attempt to express the conflict... ... Henrick Ibsen: A Biography.   Garden City: Doubleday, 1971.    The student may wish to begin the essay with the quote below:    Good grief, can't you understand?   The old man never existed; that was only something I'd dream up time and again whenever I was at my wits' end for money.   But it makes no difference now; the old fossil can go where he pleases for all I care; I don't need him or his will-because now I'm free.   Oh, how lovely to think of that, Kristine!   Carefree!   To now you're carefree, utterly carefree; to be able to romp and play with the children, ,and to keep up a beautiful,   charming home-everything just the way Torvald likes it!  Ã‚   And think, spring is coming, with big blue skies.   Maybe we can travel a little then.   Maybe I'll see the ocean again.. Oh yes, it is so marvelous to live and be happy!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   --Nora in The Doll House.

Explain how Hill and Golding present death in I’m the King of the Castle and Lord of the Flies respectively? Essay

Hill and Golding both utilise the techniques of symbolism, varied settings and physical death of the character to present death. Overall I think that Hill generally presents death more effectively than Golding, because she generally provides more development throughout her novel, which ultimately leads to the death of Kingshaw. Hill and Golding both use the techniques of symbolism dead stating that â€Å"the inside of its mouth was scarlet† with the adjective â€Å"scarlet† interesting as it has connotations of death and of blood. I think this description of the crow is also a subtle form of prolepsis as the crow is initially portrayed as a normal crow, but as Hill describes the crow further; it is evidently a symbol of death, much like Warings. What is interesting to note about the crow is that it is also described as having â€Å"ragged black wings†- the word ragged could symbolise the aftermath of violence, much like Kingshaw’s exposure to violence later on in the novel and the adjective black is a symbol of death. Another aspect of symbolism regarding the crow is when the crow â€Å"circles over Kingshaw†, symbolically death looms over Kingshaw. This is comparable to the symbolism of death in Lord of the Flies where â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† also symbolises death: one example of this is when the Lord of the Flies states â€Å"we’re going to have fun†- it is a statement, rather than a question, an imperative. The â€Å"fun† that is described refers to evil, ultimately the death of Simon. Another description of the Lord of the Flies describes that is particularly important is when Simon looks at the Lord of the Flies and sees â€Å"blackness† within, a â€Å"blackness that spread†. Perhaps this symbolises not only death, but death spreading throughout the island as other characters are killed. I feel this description also has significance because both Hill and Golding use â€Å"colours† to symbolise death, the colour black. The authors also differ as Hills descriptions are far more graphical, for example the crow, whereas Golding is far more subtle in his description of The Lord of the Flies. I believe that Hills graphic description is more effective at portraying death, her descriptions are far more explicit but some readers may argue this to be a disadvantage as her symbols are too clichà ©d. I think Golding is not as effective because his descriptions are a little more implicit, and hence loses some of the value that his symbol provides in portraying death. Another way in which Hill shows death is through the use of settings. Warings is described as â€Å"being in full night† with â€Å"the yew branches [†¦] overhanging the windows†. Hills typical gothic description to a modern reader is a clear signal of death, especially the Yew branches which also symbolise death. The â€Å"moonlight† suggests a sense of coldness in Warings, like a dead person for example. Warings is also described as â€Å"dark† and â€Å"damp† which emphasises Hills initial description of Warings. This is comparable to Golding’s description â€Å"of the unfriendly side of the island†- a â€Å"place of terror†. This is an explicit meaning, terror and death are linked. Arguably, Castle Rock is the heart of the â€Å"unfriendly side of the island†, Castle Rock is described as being â€Å"the end of the island†, literally the furthest away from the island once compared to paradise. The word â€Å"end† echoes the end of life- supported by the statement â€Å"we shan’t dream to much hear† , perhaps Golding implicitly stating that no one dreams in Castle Rock because death is the end of dreams. Once again I feel that Hill has been more successful at portraying death. Whilst her terms are clichà ©d, she adds a greater degree of subtlety in her descriptions as well, for example the â€Å"moonlight†, the implicit means have greater depth to them, unlike Golding’s explicit descriptions. Finally Hill also presents death in a physical manner as well as through description, through the death of Kingshaw. When Kingshaw dies, it shows death on a physical level, but it may also have a deeper meaning. It was evident from the start of the book, that Kingshaw’s death loomed, however the death signifies the death of the protagonist and victory for the antagonist. This is arguably the death of â€Å"innocence†. This is comparable to Golding’s portrayal of Piggy’s death, describing Piggy’s moments before his death: â€Å"he heard it before he saw it†- the verb heard suggests once again Piggy’s death always loomed, rather like Kingshaw’s. Unlike the death of Kingshaw however, Piggy’s death signals the death of rational, not innocence. I think that Hill has been more effective at portraying death because her description of Kingshaw creates far more emotion rather than the death of Piggy, Golding’s descriptions are too dull. In summary both authors portray death through the use symbolism, settings and physical death. I think that portrayal of death is very effective, especially Hills description. Hill develops her characters throughout her novel, and when Kingshaw dies it is a genuine shock to the reader. Because of Golding’s lack of development, Piggy’s death is not as emotional as Kingshaw’s.

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers

Evolution of the Human Heart into Four Chambers The human heart does not look much like those Valentines Day candies or the pictures we drew on our love notes when we were in elementary school. The current human heart is a large muscular organ with four chambers, a septum, several valves, and other various parts necessary for pumping blood all around the human body. However, this amazing organ is a product of evolution and has spent millions of years perfecting itself in order to keep humans alive. Invertebrate Hearts Invertebrate animals have very simple circulatory systems. Many do not have a heart or blood because they are not complex enough to need a way to get nutrients to their body cells. Their cells are able to just absorb nutrients through their skin or from other cells. As the invertebrates become a little more complex, they use an open circulatory system. This type of circulatory system does not have any blood vessels or has very few. The blood is pumped throughout the tissues and filters back to the pumping mechanism. Like in earthworms, this type of circulatory system does not use an actual heart. It has one or more small muscular areas capable of contracting and pushing the blood and then reabsorbing it as it filters back. However, these muscular regions were the precursors to our complex human heart. Fish Hearts Of the vertebrates, fish have the simplest type of heart. While it is a closed circulatory system, it has only two chambers. The top is called the atrium and the bottom chamber is called the ventricle. It has only one large vessel that feeds the blood into the gills to get oxygen and then transports it around the fishs body. Frog Hearts It is thought that while fish only lived in the oceans, amphibians like the frog were the link between water-dwelling animals and the newer land animals that evolved. Logically, it follows that frogs would, therefore, have a more complex heart than fish since they are higher on the evolutionary chain. In fact, frogs have a three-chambered heart. Frogs evolved to have two atria instead of one, but still only have one ventricle. The separation of the atria allows frogs to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate as they come into the heart. The single ventricle is very large and very muscular so it can pump the oxygenated blood throughout the various blood vessels in the body. Turtle Hearts The next step up on the evolutionary ladder is the reptiles. It was recently discovered that some reptiles, like turtles, actually have a heart that has a sort of a three and a half chambered heart. There is a small septum that goes about halfway down the ventricle. The blood is still able to mix in the ventricle, but the timing of the pumping of the ventricle minimizes that mixing of the blood. Human Hearts The human heart, along with the rest of the mammals, is the most complex having four chambers. The human heart has a fully formed septum that separates both the atria and the ventricles. The atria sit on top of the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood coming back from various parts of the body. That blood is then let into the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. The blood gets oxygenated and then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. The oxygenated blood then goes into the left ventricle and is pumped out to the body through the largest artery in the body, the aorta. This complex, but efficient, way of getting oxygen and nutrients to body tissues took billions of years to evolve and perfect.

The shower scene is the key scene Essays

The shower scene is the key scene Essays The shower scene is the key scene Essay The shower scene is the key scene Essay Essay Topic: The Book Of the City Of Ladies Many film directors would agree that there is no such thing as a film capable of having an impact on the world. Whether this is true or not filmmakers still try to produce films that have an enormous impact. Very few succeed. One such film that did was Psycho. Psycho went into another dimension in terms of its content. No one had ever tried to make a film which covered the areas that Psycho covered. Alfred Hitchcock had to use his forty years of experience to put across his ideas but not make the film pornographic or too violent. It is impossible to recreate the experience for the audiences that first experienced Psycho when it first came out.This was one of the most famous and daring pieces of film to be made in that era. Nobody would ever have thought about making such a film because the censors would almost certainly ban it. The shower scene is the key scene because this is the scene in which the psycho strikes first. It is also the end of what at first seems to be the main charac ter, Marion Crane. Because this is the main scene and also the most controversial scene, Alfred Hitchcock filmed it over seven days for only two minutes forty seconds worth of film. There were about seventy different camera angles in the scene. Hitchcock had to consider the censors, which meant that he had to make sure that he kept the content of nudity and violence down to a minimum. This was because at the time the censors were very strict and would not allow the film if it contained too much explicit material. Hitchcock had used several scenes prior to the shower scene to build up the relationship between Marion and Norman Bates.When Marion first meets Norman you instantly feel that there is something that is going to happen in the scenes to follow. Marions attractiveness makes her an obsessive target for Norman. Marions last name of Crane refers to the graceful, long-limbed bird of the same name, which makes her seem innocent and vulnerable. From the outset of their meeting, she maintains the social control by her sexual effect on Norman. Even so she still gets drawn into his office, Marion has entered the world of Norman Bates, with no way out. From Normans fascination with bird taxidermy you feel that there is another side to Norman and that all is not what it seems. The taxidermy is simply there to distract Norman away from his other personality. Though Norman may seem suspicious Marion still begins talking to him about her troubles. Marion implies to him how she has problems and that that she has to return home to deal responsibly with a serious mistake. Norman sternly expressed, were all in our private traps that never budge an inch. He should know, with the imprint of his long dead mother on the bed covers, though hes the only one living in the house. This indicates that Norman is farther down the road of helplessness than Marion, probably so far in fact that he is at the point of no return.Even though Marion is in a difficult situation she still has chance to put things right whereas Norman doesnt. Once Marion and Norman have finished talking Marion goes to her room. She begins to get ready to have a shower. Norman remains in his office where he perversely removes a picture from the wall of his office and spies on her through a purposely-drilled hole into her room. He sees her going into the shower so he goes back to his house. This is the first time in the film in which we clearly see the other side to Normans personality. This is where we first see his mother.During the shower scene Alfred Hitchcock uses many filming and sound techniques to get the best sequence across to the audience, without making it too violent, so that the censors could not ban the film. Hitchcock used seventy-eight camera angles to achieve the best possible murder scene. He also used many different types of camera shots to add to the effect of the scene. He varied the lengths of the shots to give a more frantic feel to the scene, such as a close-up clo sely followed by a medium close up. This especially happens during the murder in the shower.When Marion walks into the bathroom she rips up her notes and flushes them down the toilet. This was another step into new territory for Hitchcock, as it was not felt decent to flush a toilet on film. It also symbolises that Marion is flushing her problems away. She then steps into the shower. For the first time in the scene the music has now stopped and all we can hear is the sound of the water from the shower.We then see a shot of the showerhead with water pouring out but somehow missing the camera. This shot took much thinking to overcome the fact that Alfred Hitchcock did not want the water to go onto the camera lens. To achieve this shoot the middle holes of the showerhead had to be blocked so that the camera would not get wet but the water would fall around the camera to get the impression that we are in the shower with Marion. This makes us feel that we are a much greater part of the s cene.We then see her washing herself in the water. This is symbolic of her washing her sins away. The camera then moves round so that we can see the curtain. This is a key shot as this enables us to see the psycho enter the room. At first we cannot see that the psycho has a knife because we only have a translucent view through the curtain. But as he moves closer we feel that Marion is in great danger.The psycho quickly pulls back the curtain. We then see a silhouette of the psycho with the knife raised. Even though the psycho is in silhouette we can just make out that it has an old ladies haircut. This immediately makes us feel that it wasnt Norman (the audience now feels confused as they have seen Norman spying on Marion but yet someone else has killed her). The scene is filmed so well that people actually believed that they saw the knife go into Marion when it really never touched her. Some clever editing and some knife shots followed by shots of skin then showing some blood achie ved this and the sharp, high pitched notes in the music which add to the effect of the knife penetrating deep into Marions flesh. Simple but very effective. The camera shots are filmed in such a way that we feel that we are actually in the shower with her when this is all happening. This makes us feel very helpless and the fact that we feel we are so close but are actually so far.After Marion has been stabbed several times she begins to fall to the ground. This is when the psycho leaves. We get a close up shot of Marions eye, and this is when it really hits us that she has been kills. Yet again you feel so helpless and that you almost feel guilty for not helping her. This was a great bit of directing by Hitchcock because it really involves the audience with the film and makes them feel responsible for the characters. We see it leave through the door and it appears to be a female or at least dressed like a female. Marion then she slides down the shower wall. She then falls, gripping and tearing off the shower curtain, her last protection.Throughout the shower scene the psychos identity is kept uncertain. This adds an uncertainty in the minds of the audience. At first you think that it is Norman, but even then he seems pleasant and gentlemanly. Perhaps he seems too nice? Then when you see that it is a woman who kills her you just cant be sure. It is very clever they way that you are not shown the face of the psycho. This is the key to not revealing his identity.Psycho was not only filmed incredibly well, but it had a fantastic storyline. No matter how good the directing or the acting is you need a good story line and script. Psycho had this. It had good characters, irony, humour, repetitions, imagery and a great piece of music.The characters that we see in Psycho are created firstly by a writer then interpreted by the cast and actors who play the roles. Although this may seem obvious, the way that the actors interpret the characters can make or break a film. The re are many different parts that an actor has to consider before his/her character is complete. Although there werent very many characters in Psycho they were all very different, with different thoughts and personalities. At many times during Psycho we feel sorry for the characters or want to help them or warn them of danger. This is due to the fact that we know more than the characters and feel as though we should warn them.Another aspect of a good film is the irony in it. Irony is created when the audience knows more about the events than the characters do. This means that they can anticipate what is going to happen. It can also occur when something has more significance the second time it is seen or heard because it seems to hint on what may happen in the film at a later stage. There were many different occasions where irony occurred in Psycho. One such instance was when the traffic cop told Marion that, there are plenty of motels in this areaI meanjust to be safe. Then that nigh t Marion books into the Bates Motel and ends up being murdered. That was just one of the many cases of irony that have been put into the script. You may not realise they are there first time but when you watch the film a second time you can see how much time has been put in by the script writers.Although Psycho doesnt have much humour in it, mainly due to the fact that it is a serious horror movie, there are still parts of the film that makes you smile. One instance is the part where Arbogast the detective is murdered and falls down the stairs. It seems funny now but it would of almost certainly not have been funny when the film first came out. It makes us laugh because of the way they try to make him look as though he is actually falling down the stairs. It may have looked realistic at the time but compared to the special effects and stunts that can be done in todays films it does not look realistic at all.Not only was the filming and acting good in Psycho but it also had a great s ound track. It really suited the film and added so much extra tension. It was written by Bernard Herman and really I think that he must take some of the credit of the success of the film. It was such a thrilling piece of music that caught the imaginations of many people. Every time Marion became worried or was in danger the music would begin. This was almost like a signal to tell us that something is going to happen. Not only was the music a signal to the audience but it also added tension to the scenes. The Psycho music will always be remembered almost as much as the film itself and will almost certainly be one of the most famous pieces of horror music ever composed.Alfred Hitchcock had to be very careful of what he filmed in Psycho because of the censors. At that period in time they were very strict on what they would allow in the public cinemas. This was a problem for Hitchcock and so he had to edit some of the scenes like the shower scene in particular in such a way that the cen sors would allow it. In the shower scene he had to make sure that he did not show the knife actually going into the body, yet he still wanted to give the impression that that was happening. He used a combination of frantic shot variation, high-pitched jerky music, shots of flesh and shots of blood to give the impression to the audience that they were actually seeing the knife going into Marions body. The first time Hitchcock submitted the film to the censors he knew it would be rejected as he had made it very violent. This was part of his plan. He knew that if he put an extra violent version of the film into the censors first the not so violent one would seem more acceptable. His plan worked and Psycho was allowed.Now that the film had been accepted Hitchcock just had to promote it. He knew that he needed as much publicity as possible to get the crowds in to watch his film. To do this he wanted to keep the story of the film a secret so that once people had watched it they would not tell others and spoil the experience for them. It would also make people curious to what was happening in the film and attract them to watch. To keep the secrecy of the film the actors had to swear an oath of secrecy on the first day of filming and Hitchcock refused and Paramount photographers onto the set to take publicity shots. Hitchcock made a series or misleading interviews to the press to confuse and to gain curiosity throughout the public. At one stage he told a reporter that he was actually filming a version of the Greek myth of Psyche, then told another, Its the story of a young man whose mother is a homicidal manic. This was another of Hitchcocks ploys to gain publicity for the film. At the end of the film there was a short film where Alfred Hitchcock would tell the audience not to reveal the ending to the film because its the only one weve got. He tried very hard to make the pubic feel as though they were a part of the publicity strategy.Many people think Psycho was the g reatest film ever. I dont. It may have been a great film for its time, with its terrific amounts of suspense, irony and horror, but with the amount of special effects, technology and money that goes into todays films, I feel that there are many films better than Psycho. When Psycho came out it was a scary film. But compared to todays horror films such as Scream. Even films that are not aimed at horror such as Blade contain more violence and blood than Psycho did. Its all down to the censors. With the censors being less strict the directors have more flexibility with what they can put into there films.Another point that helped Psycho become a successful film was the amount of hype and expectation that was brought about by Hitchcocks short trailers that he broadcasted before the film was released. This added to the expectations and anticipations about the film in the publics eye. Hitchcock used his great experience to give huge amounts of suspense to the film. This added to the horror of such events as the shower scene and the lead up to the Bates motel. Much time and effort was out in by Hitchcock and the cast to get the suspense, horror and irony into such scenes as the shower scene.There is such a huge amount of suspense in Hitchcocks films that he was given the title, the master of suspense. This gave many of his films an edge that many directors could not achieve. Even though I dont feel that Psycho was the best film ever, I do think that it will always be remembered as a classic horror film which is mainly due to Alfred Hitchcock, the mater of suspense.

IRB Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IRB Proposal - Assignment Example The five survey tools include online surveys, mobile data collection surveys, face-to-face surveys, mail and telephone survey tools. A Description of The Subjects of This Study Will Include: 1.0 Sampling procedures Set rules and procedures will be established in order to have a diverse sample so that extensive and comprehensive results are achieved. The sampling procedures will include patients who have had a long history of various neurologic complications and it will also include those patients who have recently being diagnosed. Thus, this will enable the study to have a variety of subjects for a thorough understanding. The patients will be sampled from two metropolitan hospitals in order to have a diverse sample that is all inclusive of all races (Biller, 2008). 2.0 Sampling population The sample population will include all patients from all ages including the young and the old. This will enable the study to be wide and have various patients so that the sample is complete with peo ple from different age groups. It is paramount for the study to research and comprehend how induced therapeutic hypothermia impacts neurologic function and improve patients of different age groups since there has to be similarities and differences on the impact depending on the age groups (Biller, 2008). Since the sample population will be taken from two metropolitan hospitals, the sample population will be wide and diverse with patients from different backgrounds. This will be beneficial for the study in researching the impacts on different races and also the rate of response in accordance to the age, race and location of the patient. Recent research has elaborately shown that these three factors of age, race and locality of the patient greatly impact on the responses to various medical conditions (Tisherman & Sterz, 2005). 3.0 Number of subjects expected to participate The number of subjects expected to take part in the study is 200. This number was agreed on since it is quite a l arge number of subjects and it will be able to incorporate all the subjects in line with the sampling population. The 200 subjects will be from each metropolitan hospital and therefore the study will comprise of a total of 400 subjects which is humongous for a successful research. A successful study requires such a number of subjects in order to achieve reasonable and accurate results (Tisherman & Sterz, 2005). 4.0 Duration In Which Subjects Will Be Involved The subjects will be involved in the study for a period of 6 months from each metropolitan hospital. This will enable the research term to extensively conduct thorough studies on the subjects since the duration is long enough. Each metropolitan hospital will be allocated 6 months and therefore the whole study period for the subjects will be one year. This duration is adequate to fully understand and study even the minute details from a subject in regard to this research. Therefore, it is evident that the final results will be co rrect and the rate of errors will be minimal. The duration will enable the research team to have ample time to compare and contrast any similarities and differences between the subjects from the two metropolitan hospitals (Biller, 2008). 5.0 Follow-up procedures after the study After the study is over, there will be a 3 months period for following-up the subjects to see if there are any notable changes. These changes can either be positive or negative depending on the situation. Since the body is very complex, it is paramount to

The impact of Oil price changes on the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) Dissertation

The impact of Oil price changes on the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) stock markets - Dissertation Example The author has rightly presented that energy is one of the most important factors of global economy. A country, which has enough sources of energy, can be one of the richest countries of the world. At present oil is the primary and most used sources of energy in world. Gulf countries are the major sources of oil, so their economy is one of the strongest in the world. The changes of the world economy majorly depend on the changes of oil prices. When the oil price increases, then the manufacturers around the world has to incur more cost in the manufacturing process. The cost of transportation also increases. Because of the increment in the operating cost, the profit of the company decreases. A country’s economy mostly depends on the performance of the companies. When the performance of the company decreases that is the profit of the company decreases, then the economy of the country also get affected. The foreign investors also feel less attracted for the economy of the oil impo rting country. The investors feel that if they invest that amount of money elsewhere then they can generate more return as the efficiency of the oil importing countries have been decreased due to the oil price hike. However, it is also a fact that the present era is the era of globalization. In this era of globalization, the economy of one country has certain effect to the economy of other country. As the oil price hikes so, the country, which imports oil from some other country, found problem in manufacturing. They have the problem in the manufacturing of the products, which are the need of the oil exporting countries. (Aliyu, pp. 8-9). The product price will also be high. The inflation increases and the price of the goods and services increases. The value of the currency comes down for the oil importing countries. For the oil exporting countries the price of goods, which they have to import from any other country increases. Though they make huge profit by exporting oil to other co untries, they also have to pay more than the normal for the goods they import from the other countries. The oil price hike does not only increase inflation, but also it affects other macro economical factors like gross domestic product, unemployment rate of the country. As the productivity of the companies decrease due to the hike of oil prices, the gross domestic product of the country also decreases (OECD, pp.5-6). As the productivity of the companies decreases, the unemployment rate also increases. If the productivity of the company decreases and the unemployment rate increases, the economy would suffer huge blow. The capital inflow in the market would decrease. The stock market of the countries would have less capital flow and the market indices will be down, as it was in the case of the global recession of 2007-2010. In the era of globalization, when the stock market of one country depends on the performance of the performance of the stock market of some other country, then the stock market of the richest countries even get affected. This happens in case of the gulf Council Countries also. The gulf council countries are consisting of Qatar, Baharin, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Kuwait. All are the countries from Middle East. The countries of the Middle East are one of the largest oil producing countries (International Monetary Fund, â€Å"The Impact of Higher Oil Prices on the Global Economy†). Though they get benefit from the price hike of oil, their stock market also get affect from the events. Objective of the Project The objective of the study is to examine the effect on the

International Policy statement-development (Canada) Essay

International Policy statement-development (Canada) - Essay Example veloping countries, Canadian organizations, institutions and business, as well as international organization and agencies (Canadian International Development Agency [CIDA], 2005). One of the most significant tasks of the CIDA is the crafting of Canada’s international policy statement which serves as the platform of the country’s international development efforts. This year, the agency releases its International Policy Statement which was designed to promote its thrusts suited to the current world situation. CIDA’s policies are geared in promoting international development. This year’s international policy statement is focused on Canada’s foreign policy as â€Å"the world is changing, quickly, radically, and these changes matter to Canada—not in abstract terms, and not only to students of international relations but tangibly to everyone (Canada’s International Policy Statement [CIPS], 2005).† The country has recognized that its security, prosperity and quality of living are greatly influenced by drastic global transformations. As the world is more and more becoming a â€Å"global village,† Canada is affected by all global occurrences from international terrorism, virulent disease, climate changes and disappearing fish stocks (CIPS, 2005). By incorporating these considerations in its international policy statement, Canada gears itself in embracing the challenges posted by the fast paced 21st century. CIDA’s policies are categorized to represent three important goals—revitalize friendship with North America, making a change in the global arena, and changing the way it works. These three categories have overlapping objectives which tackles Canada’s relationship with North America, defense and international security, trade and commerce, international assistance, the new multilateralism, and making a difference (CIPS, 2005). Revitalizing friendship with North America includes a collaborative effort between the two nations to protect the North

Hydraulic Fracturing Essay Example for Free

Hydraulic Fracturing Essay Thousands of feet below the Earth’s surface, flows vast reservoirs of one of our planets most sought after commodities. In ancient Babylon there are writings of a dark elixir oozing from the lands surface, even then the people understood how precious this material was. Oil, along with Natural gas, are exceptionally rich sources of energy. A gallon of oil surpasses the output of five kg of coal, ten kg of wood, and over fifty times the amount of energy that fifty humans can produce. The richest oil can actually provide one hundred more times the energy, than the resources used to extract it from the ground. Currently the US is entering one of the largest modern oil booms the world has ever seen. Unfortunately unlike in ancient Babylon, oil today does not simply ooze out of the ground and into our cars. New advances in science and visualization technology have given us a process known as hydraulic fracturing. Also known as horizontal drilling, or fracking, these new techniques have caused a great controversy and sparked a public debate over the potential risks â€Å"fracking† could ensue on our environment. Despite the negative pictures environmental lobbyists have painted, hydraulic fracturing is essential for the future of America’s economy. Its main purpose is to create jobs, a stable market, and advance the future of clean energy in the United States. Currently, there has been a focused attention on the negative environmental impacts fracking could potentially carry with it especially in the water supply. There are hundreds of on-going investigations taking place to ensure the protection of the environment as well the health of citizens who currently populate near sites that are using a horizontal drilling method. Most of the negative impacts on the environment, associated with fracking, are poorly understood by the general public. The water supply has been one of the main concerns voiced by lobbyists and various media outlets. Currently the United States government has issued extensive research on the matter through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA has focused much of its attention on the sustainability of the water supply and soil surrounding current and former drilling sites. The EPA recently released on their main website a statement  confirming the following: The EPA currently is working closely with indus try partners to identify locations and develop research activities for prospective case studies. In prospective case studies, research at the site begins before hydraulic fracturing occurs, and then continues during and after hydraulic fracturing activities. The studies to date have shown no correlation to contaminated water supplies before or after the process of hydraulic fracturing. According to the New York Times, â€Å"Shale gas is accessed at depths of thousands of feet while drinking water is extracted from depths of only hundreds of feet. Nowhere in the state have fracking compounds injected at depth been shown to contaminate drinking water.† It is important to understand the process at which the gas is extracted to understand where the areas of risk occur. â€Å"Each well contains multiple layers of steel casing and cementing to effectively protect groundwater.† (API 1) This is essential to the protection of our water supply. It is important to understand the access large oil companies have to advanced equipment and the most brilliant minds. Each year bill ions of dollars are spent on research towards the extraction and containment of natural gas as well how to dampen the carbon footprint left after drilling. Many natural gas operators have chosen to disclose the ingredients of their cocktails to the website FracFocus.org, it is operated by the Groundwater Protection Council. This website includes a public record that can be examined by drill site or well location, individuals can effortlessly view the components used to fracture detailed wells. â€Å"As of early 2012, nearly one hundred companies have already provided information about approximately ten thousand wells and that number increases every day.† (API) Companies in our modern society understand the importance of transparency. Access to websites and detailed logs have given the public the ability to make their own judgments on the safety of individual operators. This makes large and independent companies held to higher standards than ever before. While there are greenhouse gases released during the extraction process they are significantly less than our current coal-fired plants. â€Å"Shale gas emits half the carbon diox ide per unit of energy as does coal, and coal burning also emits metals such as mercury into the atmosphere that eventually settle back into our soils and waters.† (New York Times) This is of great importance to understand especially as one of the oldest and largest coal-fired plant operates in  west Texas. Advocacy groups such as the Sierra Club are fighting to shut down these highly destructive plants. â€Å"Coal and gas-fired power plants emit more than 2.3 billion metric tons per year of carbon pollution, approximately 40% of total U.S. energy-related carbon pollution.†(SierraClub.Org) Because of intense restrictions any emissions from oil and gas wells must stay within agreed state and federal restrictions to guarantee the health and well-being of residents. â€Å"Natural gas is considered a clean burning fuel because of its comparatively low emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.†(API 1) According to the Environmental Protection Agency, natural gas-fired electricity generates half the carbon dioxide of coal-fired production. As a country we have gained a dependency on energy and as we grow new techniques will have to be discovered to maintain our consumption rate. Hydraulic Fracturing brings us closer to clean energy while having an instanta neous benefit to our atmosphere and environment by making dangerous coal-fired plants obsolete. The oil and natural gas industry resources are considerably valuable to the United States ‘economy as one of the country’s major employers and buyers of imports. Maintaining its growth through a struggling economy, Americas oil and natural gas operators carry on to deliver well-paying employment, returns to administrations and share growth for millions of Americans. â€Å"With increased access to U.S. oil and gas resources we can create 1 million new jobs in the next ten years alone.†(Green 1) That means if the nation could regulate the practice of fracking, while protecting the environment, it in return would create one million American jobs. That would not only raise our unemployment rate exponentially, but would insert millions of tax dollars back into the economy for improved infrastructure or education. â€Å"Expansion of oil and natural gas shale assets sustained more than 2.1 million jobs in 2012.†(API 1) Affordable, native natural gas is vital to refreshing the chemical, manufacturing, and steel industries. These great industries have supported our nation in the past and will continue into the future. The American Chemis try Council determined: A 25 percent increase in the supply of ethane (the liquid derived from shale gas) could add over 400,000 jobs across the economy, provide over $4.4 billion annually in federal, state, and local tax revenue, and spur $16.2 billion in capital investment by the chemical industry That added boost to  the job market is a gift long overdue to our struggling economy. Similarly, the National Association of Manufacturers estimated that high recovery of shale gas and lower natural gas prices will help U.S. manufacturers employ 1,000,000 workers by 2025. This will directly stimulate small town communities by offering technical job positions with life-long benefits. As well the added income will help to slowly relieve the burden of debt many families are suffering from. An IHS report, America’s New Energy Future: The Unconventional Oil and Gas Revolution and the US Economy, estimates that: â€Å"Mainly due to lower energy prices, average disposable income per household increased by more than $1,200 in 2012.†(IHS 4) This has continuously been omitted from the main stream media. Numerous industry sponsored reports are connecting gushing oil and natural gas production brought on by fracking is lifting the United States economy by dropping energy costs for clients and producers. It has a direct correlation as we produce more on shore energy our costs and high import taxes decrease. This in affect has a trickle-down policy when oil costs less to extract, ship, and use then household energy bills go down. President Obama’s 2012 State of the Union address the President claimed recognition for governing the leading decline in oil imports in current times and for accomplishing the lowest use of need on oil imports in sixteen years. He accredited that notable outcome somewhat to improved oil production in North and South Dakota but mainly to the substantial surge in gas production that has directly stemmed from hydraulic fracturing. There is a clear indication that the risks of fracking are reducing day by day as the benefits continue to increase. The crash of 2008 brought our economy to a grinding halt. There is currently no other market that could stimulate the economy as much as the energy sector. The United States Economy will progress substantially over the next ten years due to the shale boom. Hydraulic fracturing will reduce the cost of energy while raising manufacturing. Most importantly it will reassure chemical and technology companies will receive higher endowments givin g us an edge over our competitors. Fracking will also reduce the cost of transportation by fueling our vehicles with clean natural gas. By performing quality due diligence we can omit the fears associated with hydraulic fracturing once and for all. Joint cooperation from the US Department of Energy and the International Energy Agency will contribute access to up to date reports on the environment and public safety. Hydraulic fracturing offers us hundreds of years producing clean, dependable, sustainable energy. It will directly affect the following generations while having a positive effect on our current economy. â€Å"Hydraulic fracturing is the future without it, we would lose 45 percent of domestic natural gas production and 17 percent of our oil production within 5 years.†(API 1) Some view hydraulic fracturing in an undesirable context. I am confident in hydraulic fracturing and see it as a window of opportunity for America that will help boost the economy while giving an immediate reduction in greenhouse gases. The benefits and rewards of hydraulic fracturing simply outweighs the risks. Works Cited Brantley, Susan L., and Anna Meyendorff. The Facts on Fracking. Nytimes.com. New York Times, 13 Mar. 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. Efstathiou, Jim, Jr. Bloomberg. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 3 Sept. 2013. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. . Green, Mark. Energy Tomorrow Home. Energy Tomorrow Home. API.ORG, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. Hassett, Kevin A., and Aparna Mathur. American Enterprise Institute. AEI. Aei.org, 4 Apr. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. Larson, John W., and Richard Fullenbaum. Americas New Energy Future. Rep. no. Vol. 3. IHS.com, Sept. 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. . Pierce, Richard J., Jr. Scholarly Commons. Site. Gwu.edu, 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. . Sierra Club Home Page: Explore, Enjoy and Protect the Planet. Sierra Club Home Page: Explore, Enjoy and Protect the Planet. Sierraclub.org, 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Department of the Enviroment. Progress Report Webinar. Epa.gov, 28 Feb. 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. . Zobak, Mark. American Petroleum Institute. American Petroleum Institute. API.ORG, Sept. 2013. Web. 02 Mar. 2014.