Friday, December 27, 2019

Analysis Of The Novel Wuthering Heights - 1004 Words

Kaley Witwer English Mr. Schantz 10/27/14 The novel Wuthering Heights begins with an outsider, Mr. Lockwood, paying a visit to his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff. At first Lockwood, who is seeking solitude â€Å"from the stir of society†(1), believes that Heathcliff is something of a soulmate: â€Å"my heart warmed to him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows†(1), but by the end of Chapter II, Lockwood says, â€Å"I no longer felt inclined to call Heathcliff a capital fellow† (8). The Heathcliff of 1801, the year the novel begins, is the owner of Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights, but he chooses to live in the remote dwelling shaped by â€Å"atmospheric tumult†(2) with an odd assortment of housemates: the family heir Hareton Earnshaw, his widowed daughter-in-law Catherine, the â€Å"scandalous old hypocrite† (10) Joseph, and the housekeeper Zillah. How did Heathcliff come to be the person who we meet at the beginning of the novel? In Chapters IV-VII of Wuthering Heights, Nelly Dean tells Mr. Lockwood about Heathcliff’s upbringing in the Earnshaw household. Several of the relationships and environmental influences described in Chapters IV-VII of Wuthering Heights provide significant clues to the character of Heathcliff that Lockwood meets in the opening pages of the novel. In the novel Wuthering Heights, the characteristics of Heathcliff are shown by decisions made in his life , the reasons they occurred and other decisions that were not made by himself.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Novel Wuthering Heights 1636 Words   |  7 PagesJournal - Wuthering Heights Point of View – Wuthering Heights has two main narrators from whose point of view the novel is written. Lockwood is the primary narrator, and much is of what takes place in the present is told through his eyes, via first-person. The narration shifts to Ellen Dean, as she gives, to both Lockwood and the reader, her version of past events. She serves as the peripheral narrator, who is meant to tell the tale of what transpired before Lockwood’s arrival to Wuthering Heights. Ellen’sRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain se veral of Emily Bronte’s writing techniquesRead MoreEssay on The Depth of Emely Brontes Wuthering Heights1345 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’, although she first published her novels under a gentleman’s name. Her famous novel has become a classic in English literature. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through her child imagination, Bronte’ and her siblings would write children stories. â€Å"Emily’s childhood created an imaginary nation, originating from the numerous poems devoted to the doings of the Gondals† (Bradner 129). The ‘Gondal’ poems they wrote inspiredRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria Embry Outside Reading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century;Read MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism1663 Words   |  7 Pages Novels are often taken by the reader at face value, and are never looked into on a deeper level. It is important to search for more than what is seen in a literary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a familyRead More The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel,807 Words   |  4 PagesThe presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel, Wuthering Heights, begins in the year 1801. The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† ======================================================= The novel, â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, begins in the year 1801, where we as readers are firstly introduced to the character Mr. Lockwood. Mr. Lockwood narrates the entire novel throughout, almost like an entry in his diary. Lockwood, a young London gentleman, is a newcomerRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «1111 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Catherine and Heathcliff grow up together at Wuthering Heights, Catherine family home on the northern English moors. Heathcliff arrives as a gypsy founding. Catherine father Mr. Earnshaw raises him as a son. Catherine is a strong and wild beauty who shares Heathcliff wild nature Alone together on the moors Catherine and Heathcliff feel as if they are soul mates. But to Heathcliff despair outside forces begin to pull them a part. After falling in love with Catherine .She reject himRead MoreTragic Family Relationships in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte 1018 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: In 1800 Century, Catherine and Heathcliff grow up together at Wuthering Heights, Catherine family home on the northern English moors. Heathcliff arrives as a gypsy founding. Catherine father Mr. Earnshaw raises him as a son. Catherine is a strong and wild beauty who shares Heathcliff wild nature Alone together on the moors Catherine and Heathcliff feel as if they are soul mates. But to Heathcliff despair outside forces begin to pull them a part. After falling in love with CatherineRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte859 Words   |  4 Pages Mer 1 Se Mer N. Finley E2H2 W4- Wuthering Heights Lit. Analysis 8 October 2014 The Deads and the Livings Wuthering Heights is a English novel by Emily Bronte. The main character in this novel are Heathcliff, Lockwood, Catherine, Edgar, Nelly, Joseph, Hareton, Linton, Hinley, Isabella, and young Cathy. The main character Heathcliff is influenced with the element of gothicism and romanticism. Gothicism shape Heathcliff appearance and actions. Romanticism portrays through Heathcliff passion

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Racial Discrimination Essay - 2245 Words

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes, consequences and remedies of racial discrimination in the labor market. Understanding racial discrimination in the labor market is of critical importance because of the sever wage differentials between different races in the market. Most of the economic research on racial discrimination focuses on black and white males. Hence this paper will also be focusing on wage and employment differentials between black and white males. I will start by discussing the research that has been done on the causes of labor discrimination, then, I will explain the consequences and finally the possible remedies. Causes of Labor Market Discrimination One of the most widely accepted reasons for†¦show more content†¦This cost or discrimination implies that he will require a higher premium to work with blacks. A possible solution to this problem would be for an employer to hire a racially segregated workforce (in which case he would be able to pay them the same wage). The chances of this happening are rather slim. Much more common is white needing a higher premium to work with blacks and blacks suffering a wage cut to compensate for the higher premium.(Becker 1971). A discriminatory customer will behave in a similar way. He/she will act as though there are â€Å"non pecuniary† costs from purchasing goods and services from a black person. Hence at the same market price and equal productivity with whites, blacks will sell less and appear less productive. Consequently, they will receive a lower wage, which widens the wage differential gap (Becker 1981). Becker’s model c oncludes that racially prejudiced employers, employees and customers, all result in racial discrimination in the labor market. There is significant empirical evidence in support of this claim. An empirical study was conducted by Charles and Guryman (2007) using a regression model which found that black wages vary negatively with: the prejudice of the marginal white in the state, the prejudice with the lower tail of the prejudice distribution and the fraction of the stateShow MoreRelatedOvert Racial Discrimination and Institutional Racial Discrimination635 Words   |  3 PagesPrior to the 1960s, discrimination was viewed as a creature of prejudice (Feagin Feagin, 1988). What this means is that the problem of discrimination was viewed as one motivated primarily by individuals (or groups of individuals) on the basis of prejudice or hatred. Implicit in this prejudice-causes-discrimination-model (Feagin Feagin, p. XX) was the assumption that the solution to discrimination was one of simply eliminating prejudice. Thus, the elimination of prejudicial behavior wouldRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is one of many terms used to express the suppression of a race or many races, but more specifically, it refers to the ill-treatment a person or group receives as a result of differences in their race, color, descent, national, ethnic origin or immigrant status. (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Racial discrimination can be perpetrated by individuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seenRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreferencing the topic of racism and racial discrimination in today’s society, one of the biggest questions that still remain unanswered is as such: Why does racial discrimination still exist? What factors take place within the human mind that might cause feelings of hatred and bigotry? What can result from an individual using racially discriminating language? From times predating even the most notable case of as much, pre-Civil War United States American slavery, discrimination has existed in many differentRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Racial Profiling1524 Words   |  7 Pages In our society today, racial discrimination and inequality continues to be an issue. Regardless of the advancements we make in our society in terms of race, discrimination is something that can not simply be erased. The conflict with discrimination is evident when we look at the issue of racial profiling. Racial profiling refers to the treatment of an individual based on their race or ethnicity (Statistics of Racial Profiling 1). It is often a tool being used by law enforcement when deciding toRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination859 Words   |  4 Pageshundred percent accurate. A racial comment would be that African Americans are dangerous coming from the fact that there are more African American in prison that any other demographic. In today’s America, racism is practiced in every sort of way from subtle, aversive, to even â€Å"reverse† racism and, many more. the most common way to racially discriminate against a group is through visual processing, ho wever, what causes this to be the most common mean of discrimination, could it be that this is howRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Gender Discrimination962 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly being seen, especially on social media. It s a single word which people are using instead of the longer phrases disability discrimination or disability prejudice. Racial discrimination and gender discrimination have their own single words - racism and sexism - and so those ideas can be expressed a little more easily. Disability discrimination is often complicated and misunderstood. At one end of the scale, buildings with steps instead of ramps may be said to be ableist. Less obviousRead MoreRacial Oppression And Racial Discrimination997 Words   |  4 PagesHuman begins since the beginning of time have understood the concept of racial solidarity but yet decides to ignore it. Racial oppression is a direct consequence of a superior race. Racial oppression is the act of power that causes the sta te of being to feel heavily exploited. There are two types of racial oppression that are not commonly well known of, institutionalized and internalized. Institutionalized oppression is expressed when a group of people based on their race has a different chance ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Discrimination And Racial Discrimination1532 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination made its way to planet earth way before it could be documented. Racial discrimination happens all over the world both consciously and unconsciously, destroying lives every day. Racial discrimination can best be described as, when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. There are many forms of racial discrimination even if we don’t want to face it. Among the mostRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On American Culture970 Words   |  4 PagesIf there is one thing I have noticed dur ing my, admittedly, short sixteen years, it is the racial discrimination and obvious bigotry of the those who are not white. Stereotypes and detrimental comments are slung every which way. Others, rely on subtle jabs while some are oblivious to the offense of the people they are around. It seems to me, that people do not seem to care. I have listened to countless conversations where people would nonchalantly insult their own culture and heritage as if theyRead MoreRacial Discrimination778 Words   |  4 PagesRacial zoning is a serious problem many minority groups end up facing. The process of splitting land based on someone’s race is improper. Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Tillman, and Woodrow Wilson are examples of public sectors who not only firmly believe in the segregation of African-Americans and whites but also black inferiorly. Considering these men are of noble standings, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there are racial tensions from those of high power towards those with a lack

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Economic Impact of Brexit

Question: Discuss about the Economic Impact of Brexit. Answer: Introduction This study has been aimed to the concept of economics assignment. In this respect, this study has been tried to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland. In addition, this study has been focused on the financial market of Ireland. In order to discuss the effect of financial market of Ireland, this study tried to show the effect of gross domestic product, the credit rating, foreign exchange rate, effect on stock market as well (Barrett et al. 2015). On the other hand, this study is also helpful to identify whether the changing in the governmental policies of Ireland would oppose the impact of Brexit or not. The effect of the value of trade, employment rate and the inflation rate of Ireland has also been mentioned in order to measure the effect of Brexit. Instead of this, this study is also beneficial to identify the microeconomic effect of Brexit on Ireland (Begg and Mushovel 2016). Macroeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland Impact on the financial market According to Busch, B. and Matthes (2016), exit of British from European Union has been making a negative effect to the GDP growth rate of Ireland. The GDP growth rate of Ireland has been decreased by 0.3% whereas the overall GDP rate of EU has been falling by the rate of 1%. As a result, it can be stated that this depreciation would lead to the export of Ireland, tariff rate, quotas and the consumer requirements (Stosic-Mihajlovcc and Zdravkovic 2016). On the contrary, it can be argued that the exporters of Ireland would include the movements of the exchange rate in order to meet the profitability margin as well as acquire the output the level of the country as mentioned by Dagnis Jensen and Snaith (2016). On the other hand, Brexit has pushed the foreign exchange rate to suffer from deficit. The interest rate of Ireland has also been d ecreased. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be concluded that the movement of Irish foreign exchange rate would reflect to decrease the investment after Brexit. The credit rating of Ireland has been decreasing after Brexit de Mars (2016). Changing in the government policies to counter the effect of Brexit In the words of Kostovicova (2016), the relationship between United Kingdom and Ireland, is seemed to be strained after Brexit. In this connection, the borrowing of foreign exchange reserves has been raised. In addition, the currency liquidity has been increased. As a result, this liquidity risk has been reflecting the higher inflation risk as well as the exchange rate pressure. On the other hand, higher rate of debt and the uncertain implementation in the bond markets cannot finance the debt sales excluding the constrain capacity after Brexit. Matthews (2015) mentioned that the property prices of Ireland has been suffering and has been decreasing by 3.03% after Brexit. Moreover, the tax rate of Ireland is also very higher after Brexit. Impact on the value of trade of Ireland with Britain As per the statement of McGrath (2016), exit of Britain from European Union, the trade flow of Ireland has been reduced from the previous. On the other hand, after Brexit, Ireland would seek to free trade as well as no tariff trade transaction with European Union. However, it can be criticised that this new free trade may lead to fail. In this respect, the reason can be discussed as European Union is willing to avoid to appreciate Britain n order to defend. Therefore, Purdue, Huang and Economics (2015) added that after Brexit, the farmers of Ireland have been suffering the problem and they had to pay up to 40% rate of tariffs. This rate of tariff in turn affects the export of goods with the rest of the countries (Busch and Matthes 2016). Moreover, based on the new trade agreement, the Irish farmers would not like to import milk after Brexit from Britain due to the higher rate of import. This in turn reduces the overall money supply of United Kingdom in order to support the Irish agri culture (Simionescu 2016). Unemployment rate According to Stosic-Mihajlovcc and Zdravkovic (2016), at the post Brexit period, Ireland has been suffering from the situation of recession. As a result, the unemployment rate would be increased in Ireland. In this context, it can be stated that the pushing of social welfare rate would e also higher. The rate of unemployment after Brexit is 7.8 per cent. As a result, it can be concluded that the job market or the employment opportunity in the Ireland market had been massively decreased. Hence, Barrett et al. (2015) puts that the higher unemployment rate leads to the lower standard of living, income per person of Ireland. Moreover, the spending power of the people would be decreased. Higher unemployment rate reflect to the downward pressure of the wage of the employees. The higher unemployment rate leads to reduce the growth rate of an economy. As a result, overall spending of the country would also decrease (Begg and Mushovel 2016). Inflation rate In order to discuss the inflation rate of Ireland after Brexit, it can be discussed with the help of the following table: 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Rate of inflation 2.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 -0.3 Table 1: Rate of inflation of Ireland for last five years The above table depicted the last five years inflation rate of Ireland. As identified by Begg and Mushovel (2016) it can be clearly observed that with the rise in time, the inflation rate has been decreasing. More precisely, it can be stated that the country has been suffering from the deflationary situation (Busch and Matthes 2016). After Brexit, the price level of the products will be lower, and the inflation rate will be negative. Therefore, the unemployment rate has been effectively increased. It can be also stated that the lower rate of inflation or the deflationary situation reflect the growth rate of the country. In this purpose, Dagnis Jensen and Snaith (2016) mentioned that the deflationary situation help to enhance the countrys capital to expand as well as construct new technologies. Microeconomic impact of Brexit on Ireland After Brexit, it can be seen that the GDP growth rate of Ireland has been decreased. As a result, it can be seen that the economy has been suffering from the deflationary situation as mentioned by Kostovicova (2016). Therefore, the unemployment rate has been increased and the price of the products has also been decreased. Due to the higher rate of unemployment, it can be predicted that the consumers spending for the goods as well as for services has been reduced. As a result, lower consumption spending reflects to the lower rate of aggregate demand. Matthews (2015) opined that marginal propensity to consume has been reduced. As per the opinion of Purdue, Huang and Economics (2015), Ireland has been suffering from the deflationary situation after Brexit. Therefore, the demand for the goods and services has been decreased. People are not willing or demand less to purchase the goods and services. As a result, the supply would also be decreased (Dagnis Jensen and Snaith 2016). Therefore, it can be concluded that the prices of the products would be decreased. Firms production would be massively decreased. Henceforth, Simionescu (2016) cited that based on the demand and supply of goods, nations currency can be determined as nations currency has been played an important role in order to estimate the countrys growth. Conclusion The overall study has been tried to demonstrate the effect of Brexit on the macroeconomic factors as well as on the microeconomic factors of Ireland. In this connection, this study has tried to estimate the impact of Brexit on the financial markets of Ireland. Moreover, in this connection, this study has tried to measure the GDP growth rate of Ireland, which has been falling after Brexit and the rate was 0.3 per cent. On the other hand, after the analysis, it can be observed the foreign exchange rate of Ireland has also been decreased. Moreover, the trade situation of Ireland has also been hampered. The unemployment rate has been decreased and the country has been suffering from the deflationary situation. This refers that the demand and the supply has been reduced. Furthermore, consumer spending has been massively falling after Brexit. This in turn reduces the firms production. Recommendation After analysing the study, it can be concluded that with the rise in the aggregate demand, the deflationary situation of the country can be mitigated. Aggregate demand can be improved by improving the government spending of the country. As a result, the money supply of the country will be increased. The unemployment rate of the country will be improved. The standard of living and the consumption level will be also improved. The demand and the supply will be improved. Moreover, the firms production level will be significantly improved. Ireland will be at better position. As a result, the GDP growth rate of the country will be effectively improved. References Barrett, A., Bergin, A., FitzGerald, J., Lambert, D., McCoy, D., Morgenroth, E., Siedschlag, I. and Studnicka, Z., 2015. Scoping the possible economic implications of Brexit on Ireland.ESRI Research Series,48. Begg, I. and Mushovel, F., 2016. The economic impact of brexit: jobs, growth and the public finances. Busch, B. and Matthes, J., 2016. BrexitThe Economic Impact.A Meta-Analysis, IW-Report, (10). Dagnis Jensen, M. and Snaith, H., 2016. When politics prevails: the political economy of a Brexit.Journal of European Public Policy, pp.1-9. de Mars, S., Murray, C.R.G., O'Donoghue, A. and Warwick, B.T., 2016. Policy Paper: Brexit, Northern Ireland and Ireland.Northern Ireland and Ireland (June 1, 2016). Kostovicova, D., 2016. What previous political divorces in Europe tell us about the emotional impact of Brexit.LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog. Matthews, A., 2015. Implications of British exit from the EU for the Irish agri-food sector.Trinity Economic Papers, (215). McGrath, P., 2016. Brexit and Likely Implications for Ireland.Available at SSRN. Purdue, D., Huang, H. and Economics, N.T.M.A., 2015. Brexit and its Impact on the Irish Economy.National Treasury Management Agency, Dublin. Simionescu, M., 2016.The Impact of BREXIT on the Foreign Direct Investment in the United Kingdom(No. bep-2016-07). St Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration/Center for Economic Theories and Policies. Stosic-Mihajlovcc, L. and Zdravkovic, I., 2016. Brexit impact on Serbian economic development.Journal of Process Management. New Technologies,4(3), pp.24-29.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Mcdonaldization Essays (1812 words) - Criticism Of Fast Food

Mcdonaldization The McDonaldization of Society Outline Chapter 1 McDonaldization is when a certain area starts to acquire efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. a. McDonalds as America-This is meant that McDonalds is a part of America and everything that other countries want in there country. It is a symbol of a growing culture. b. The long arm of McDonaldization- this long arm is McDonalds reaching out to every country. They are trying to put a McDonalds there, they want to dominate in every country. c. The dimension of McDonaldization- The four dimensions of McDonalds are: Efficiency- McDonalds is efficient in every way, best location, you can get your food quick, easy from going to being hungry to being full. Calculability- they sell everything in just the right proportions, for a good price. Bigger is better Control- they control everything, from lines being short, limited menu, few options and uncomfortable seats so the people eat quicker and leave quicker. d. Advantages of McDonaldization- there are lots of advantages: - Wide rage of goods and services - Availability of goods and services - People are able to get what they want or get it almost right away conveniently - Goods and Services are far more uniform quality e. Critique of McDonaldization- this is meant by, that McDonalds has a lot of pluses, but it must certainly have a lot of downfalls. What is not McDonaldized? Things that arent Mcdonalized are small mom and pop stores and bed and breakfast inns. Most of the places that are personally runned not by big corporations. Chapter 2 McDonalds had a few precursors before it became such a big company. They just didnt pop up out of the thin air. Bureaucratization was a part of the growth people had to listen to each other. People had to carry out responsibilities. The Holocaust is compared as a McDonalized society. They had all the characteristics such as control, calculability, and efficiency. The assembly line was also very important, workers were not to do any steps that they were not to do, some of the parts had to move the least possible distance, machines were to move things not humans, and complicated movements are eliminated. Levittown was also a result of the assembly line. The Levit brothers put up house really quick using that method. The malls also were invented, they were good for many reasons. They had lots of stores under one roof, making it easier for people to shop instead of traveling to different places everything was under one room even a food court to eat. Chapter 3 1. Efficiency increases the pace of life. When you have efficiency it saves time and money. It keeps perfect timing production, faster services, streamlined operations and a tight schedule. Efficiency is choosing the optimum means to and end. The restaurant business really didnt need efficiency, but it helped efficiency be turned into a way of life. 2. Home cooking- Efficiency was created with home cooking by creating supermarkets with food and all you have to do is go buy the food. You dont have to go threw the hassles of hunting your food. TV dinners added to the efficiency. Cookbooks also added to the efficiency. Shopping- shopping was made more efficient when we created malls. Having all sorts of stores under one roof. Without having to travel from place to place and waste time. At a mall you have a food court movies and all kinds of stores to satisfy your needs as well as others needs. Higher Education- this has become more efficient in some ways. A while ago teachers used to grade papers by hand, know all they have to do is give a multiple choice exam and the machine will grade it for them saving lots of time. Health Care- they have the new heart surgery assembly line, which makes it faster and more efficient to do. They also have walk in and walk out clinics to take care of your problem in one appointment. Whatever your problem is they give you the maximum cure to cure you in one visit. Entertainment- this turned efficient when we started having video rentals instead of going the movies. We also have television with the option of watching two shows at once. Pay per view is also another option, instead of going out to rent a move just